Quality of raw milk intended for direct consumption in Estonia

The main aim of the present study was to estimate the occurrence of zoonotic bacteria in raw milk intended for sale directly to consumers in Estonia. In-line milk filters, bulk milk samples and milk samples from selling points were collected from a total of 14 dairy farms and respective retail selling points. The somatic cell counts, total bacterial counts and the presence of Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes were studied from bulk milk samples. Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., L. monoscytogenes and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were studied in farms in-line milk filters. The total bacterial counts exceeded 100,000 cfu/ml in three (21.4%) bulk milk samples and in 10 samples (71.4%) collected at the retail level. STEC genes were detected in 64.3% of the in-line milk filter samples. More than one STEC serogroup-specific gene was detected in four dairy farms. L. monocytogenes was found in 36% of the in-line milk filters. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Campylobacter spp. were found in any samples.