Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of triazine herbicides in water and sugarcane samples

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the analysis of triazines. As model compounds four selected triazine herbicides namely, simazine, atrazine, secbumeton and cyanazine were employed to estimate the extraction efficiency. The experimental conditions were comprehensively studied for the DLLME-SFO method. Under the use of 10 μL of 1-undecanol as extraction solvent, 100 μL of acetonitrile as disperser solvent and 5% (w/v) NaCl for 3 min the results demonstrated that the repeatability (RSD%) of the optimised DLLME-SFO method ranged from 0.03% to 5.1% and the linearity in the range of 0.01–100 ppb. Low limits of detection (0.037–0.008 ppb), and good enrichment factors (195–322) were obtained. The DLLME-SFO method applied in water and sugarcane samples showed excellent relative recoveries (95.7–116.9%) with RSDs <8.6% (n = 3) for all samples.