Polyamides nanoparticles containing flexible linkages and their copper complexes with novel dielectric properties: Structure–property relationship

We report the chemistry of nanometer-sized spherical aramides nanoparticles and their copper complexes as novel types of hybrids nanomaterials. Based on the flexible linkage type, the average diameters of the nanoparticles-containing sulfone or ether linkage were 140 nm and 190 nm, respectively, as judged by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs. Incorporation of copper (II) ions into these particles furnished polymeric complexes in (1:2) ratios with square planar geometries. The polymeric structures were proved on the basis of their IR, UV, ESR and elemental analysis data. The thermal properties of the polymers were evaluated by various techniques and results revealed the high thermal stabilities of the hybrids. The calculated limiting oxygen index (LOI) indicates that such macromolecules can be classified as self-extinguishing polymers. The dc electrical conductivity of all samples indicates either semi-conducting or metal-like nature in the regime of semiconductor behaviors. Incorporation of copper significantly improved the conductivity of the resulting complexes due to the enhanced mobility of the charge carriers upon doping. Dielectric losses are characterized by sharp peaks appearing at characteristic frequencies suggesting the presence of relaxing dipoles. The peak positions did not change with temperature indicating a non-activated process. The loss tangent increased with frequency and the peaks shifted toward the lower frequency upon doping suggesting the increase in the energy loss ratio compared to the energy storage in the dielectric. The higher value of dielectric loss at low frequency is due to the free charge motion within the materials. The reported dielectric results revealed anomalous behaviors which have not been reported earlier in similar hybrids.