Caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers

This work reports the detection and characterization of caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Proteins extracted from flowers were precipitated with 60% ammonium sulphate. Caseinolytic activity of the precipitated protein fraction (PP) was assessed using azocasein, as well as αs-, β- and κ-caseins as substrates. Milk-clotting activity was analysed using skim milk. The effects of heating (30–100 °C) and pH (3.0–11.0) on enzyme activities were determined. Highest caseinolytic activity on azocasein was detected after previous incubation of PP at pH 4.0 and after heating at 50 °C. Milk-clotting activity, detected only in the presence of CaCl2, was highest at incubation of PP at pH 3.0 and remained stable up to 50 °C. The pre-treatment of milk at 70 °C resulted in highest clotting activity. Enzyme assays in presence of protease inhibitors indicated the presence of aspartic, cysteine, serine and metallo proteases. Aspartic proteases appear to be the main enzymes involved in milk-clotting activity. PP promoted extensive cleavage of κ-casein and low level of αs- and β-caseins hydrolysis. The milk-clotting activity indicates the application of M. oleifera flowers in dairy industry.