Structural, electrical, optical and magnetic properties of chromium substituted Co–Zn nanoferrites Co0.6Zn0.4CrxFe2−xO4 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.0) prepared via sol–gel auto-combustion method

Chromium substituted Co–Zn nanoferrites having the formula Co0.6Zn0.4CrxFe2−xO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) have been synthesized using the sol–gel auto-combustion method. Characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, electrical and magnetic properties. XRD patterns indicated the formation of single-phased cubic spinel structure having space group Fd-3m for all the annealed samples. The lattice parameter has been observed to decrease with increasing substitution of Cr3+ ions because of the smaller ionic radii of Cr3+ (0.68 Ǻ) as compared to Fe3+ (0.73 Ǻ). The electrical resistivity increases with increasing Cr3+ concentration attributing to the reason that electrical conductivity decreases with decrease in Fe concentration because of the decrease in polaron hopping of Fe2+–Fe3+ ions. The resistivity of all the annealed samples decreases with increasing temperature showing the semiconductor nature of the samples. The drift mobility also increases with increasing temperature because of the enhanced mobility of charge carriers due to thermal activation. The saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases with increasing chromium content, due to the lower magnetic moment of Cr3+ ion (3μB) than that of Fe3+ ion (5μB).