Nanocrystalline glass ceramics: Structural, physical and optical properties

Four different transition metals contained nanocrystalline glass ceramics are synthesized by melting and quenching technique. The transition metal oxides play as former, modifier or both the roles depending on their oxidation states, field strength and covalent characteristics. The optical band gaps are observed in the range of 3.2–5.5 eV. The presence of nano-crystalline phases dominates the optical band gap. The softening temperature (Ts) is mainly affected by the residual glass in glass ceramics. These glass ceramics can be used as shielding materials for nuclear waste.