Determination of ten pyrethroids in various fruit juices: Comparison of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction sample preparation and QuEChERS method combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) sample preparation and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with DLLME were developed and compared for the analysis of ten pyrethroids in various fruit juices using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC–ECD). QuEChERS–DLLME method has found its widespread applications to all the fruit juices including those samples with more complex matrices (orange, lemon, kiwi and mango) while DLLME was confined to the fruit juices with simpler matrices (apple, pear, grape and peach). The two methods provided acceptable recoveries and repeatability. In addition, the applicabilities of two methods were demonstrated with the real samples and further confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).