Liquid–liquid–solid equilibria for the quaternary system water+ethanol+1-pentanol+sodium chloride at 25°C

Salting-out effect can be used to improve the extraction of some solutes by modifying the solute distribution between two liquid phases. In this work we report the results obtained for the quaternary system water+ethanol+1-pentanol+sodium chloride at 25°C. All equilibrium regions (one liquid, two liquids, one liquid+one solid and two liquids+one solid zones) have been systematically studied. Tie lines and tie-triangles data were measured, after separating the conjugated phases, determining the liquid components by Chromatography, and sodium chloride by gravimetrical methods and titration with AgNO3 depending on its concentration. Distribution and selectivity curves are represented to analyse the sodium chloride salt effect. Tie-lines and tie-triangles data have been correlated using a modification of the Eisen–Joffe equation.