Thermodynamic models for determination of the solubility of 2,5-bis(2-furylmethylidene)cyclopentan-1-one in different solvents at temperatures ranging from 308.15 to 403.15 K

The solubility data of 2,5-bis(2-furylmethylidene)cyclopentan-1-one (F2C) in solid–liquid equilibrium in alternative solvents are vital for a preliminary study of industrial applications aimed at producing sustainable and renewable materials and fuels. The solubility behavior of F2C in different solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, mixed water-tetrahydrofuran (1:1, v/v), methanol, and water at temperatures ranging from 308.15 to 403.15 K was investigated. An isothermal method was employed to measure the solubility data of F2C. The experimental data showed that the solubility of F2C increased as the temperature increased and was strongly affected by the surface tension and polarity index. The solubility of F2C in the studied solvents increased in the following order: H2O < methanol < H2O-THF mixture < THF. The thermodynamic models, such as the polynomial empirical equation, the Van’t Hoff, and the modified Apelblat models were investigated to describe the experimental data. It was found that the modified Apelblat model was the most suitable for predicting the solubility behavior of F2C with a temperature increment. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that in each studied solvent the dissolution process of F2C is endothermic and spontaneous.