A Review on Fading & Roadmap to its Realization

Abstract — In these days the wireless communication requirements are increased according to customer requirements. The requirements are to have high voice quality, high data rates, multimedia features, low weight communication devices etc. But to provide these features to customers the wireless communication channel suffers from some problems. The main problem is fading which occurs due to the effect of multiple propagation paths, and the rapid movement of mobile communication devices. In a typical wireless communication environment, multiple propagation paths often exist from a transmitter to a receiver due to scattering by different objects. Signal travels in different paths can undergo different attenuation, distortions, delays and phase shifts. So, this is necessary to reduce the problem of fading. One effective solution is proposed for wireless system named diversity, with out the requirement of extra power or extra bandwidth. This paper discusses about the characteristics of fading models and a broad classification of various diversity techniques.