Energy Efficient Homogenous Clustering and Cluster Head Selection Algorithm for WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are energy and resource constrained networks, which are made up of small electronic devices called sensor nodes. Each sensor nodes are capable of sensing, computing and transmitting data from one node to another, till to reach base station. Each node monitors physical or environmental conditions, depending on application and communicate with nearby nodes via radio broadcast. Radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN), thus, one of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within the sensor nodes. Therefore, battery power is crucial parameter in the algorithm design in maximizing the lifespan of sensor nodes. Much research has been done in recent years in the area of low power routing protocol, but there are still many design options open for improvement and for further research targeted to the specific applications need to be done. In this paper, we propose a new approach of an energyefficient homogeneous clustering and cluster head selection algorithm for wireless sensor networks in which the lifespan of the network is increased by ensuring a homogeneous distribution of nodes in the clusters. In this clustering algorithm, energy efficiency is distributed and network performance is improved by selecting cluster heads on the basis of the residual energy of existing cluster heads, holdback value, and nearest hop distance of the node. In the proposed clustering algorithm, the cluster members are uniformly distributed and the life of the network is further extended.