Liquid ionization calorimetry: review and preview

The experimental requirements at existing and planned accelerators, and new facilities for underground or space-borne experimentation have stimulated a wide-ranging R&D programme in liquid ionization calorimetry. Precision sampling calorimetry is approaching “crystal” energy resolution whilst their rate capabilities will be able to cope with the highest LHC luminosities. (Quasi)-homogeneous noble-liquid calorimeters are under construction or in the planning stage to address some of the most fundamental physics questions.