Milli-Kelvin refrigeration in space for low temperature detectors

The utilisation of very low temperature (0.1-0.01 K) detectors in space will soon be possible. This offers to space science (X-ray, sub-millimetre and gamma ray astronomy) high energy resolution detectors. cribe the continuing development of space refrigerators capable of cooling to 0.1 and 0.01 K, in particular, the cryogen free refrigerators which offer light weight, long life operation, enabling them to be considered for future small satellites.