Simulation studies of ionization cooling

A μ+−μ− collider relies on ionization cooling to compress the beam phase-space volume for maximal luminosity. In this paper we present simulations of ionization cooling which explore the various conditions needed for compression to collider conditions. These simulations are based on a maximally complete model of muon-atom interactions, including accurate distributions of multiple scattering and energy straggling effects. Particular cases such as cooling in low-Z absorbers, in active lenses, within solenoids, as well as the use of wedge absorbers for phase space exchange and the energy dependence of the cooling process, are explored. Constraints and guidelines for the development of complete cooling scenarios are discussed.