Xyloglucan degradation using different radiation sources: A comparative study

Tamarind seed xyloglucan was subjected to different radiation sources—ultrasound, γ-radiation, and microwave heating, and the effects of these energies upon its molecular and structural properties were characterised by gel permeation chromatography, viscometry, sugar analysis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. In dependence on the degradation methods and experimental conditions used, the decrease of the relative molecular mass (RMM) was accompanied with alteration of the primary structure. Depolymerisation by ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz yielded after 120 min products with RMM of about 131 × 103 without significant alteration of the primary structure of the polysaccharide. Intense degradation of XG started by microwave heating at pH 1.5 yielding polymers with RMM in the range of higher oligosaccharides, however, with changed sugar composition due to cleavage of the glycosyl side chains. At γ-irradiation doses >40 kGy, next to chain cleavage, very high-molecular mass components exhibiting UV254-absorption were formed, and the RMM decreased to about 50 × 103 at the highest applied dose (100 kGy). The results of the comparative study suggest that ultrasonication was the most convenient procedure to decrease the RMM of xyloglucan to 130 × 103 and preserve the primary structure of the polysaccharide.