Three-dimensional simulation code for the injector of PNC’s high-power, high-duty electron linac

We developed a new, three-dimensional simulation code ETRA3D to calculate beam dynamics in the injector of PNC’s high-power, high-duty electron linac. In ETRA3D, beam dynamics is calculated by the Hamilton equations, and a space-charge force is determined by the potentials produced by the other electrons. The Hamiltonian is assessed at each time-step, and the length of the time-step is varied by changing in the Hamiltonian to reduce calculation time and errors. ecision of ETRA3D was checked by comparing it with the envelope equation; the agreement between them was good. We demonstrated the capabilities of ETRA3D by an example in which the electron beam is not launched along the axis of a series of the solenoid coils; under this condition, two-dimensional codes cannot calculate its dynamics.