High-resolution electro-magnetic calorimetry with noble liquids

Electromagnetic calorimeters with noble liquids and their limits in resolution are discussed. The origins of “initial” current measurement in calorimetry are retraced and the performance and first results of the NA48 calorimeter (quasi-homogeneous calorimeter with longitudinal electrode structure) are presented. Results of the prototype calorimeters of KEDR (quasi-homogeneous calorimeter with transverse electrode structure) and of ATLAS (sampling calorimeter with longitudinal electrode structure), are summarized.