Two-stage systems with intermediate beam retarding for energy and spatial analysis of photoelectrons

New promising electron-optical schemes of analyzers for high-resolution energy and angular analysis of photoelectrons are proposed. The analyzers use an electron beam deceleration between two energy-dispersive stages, and are based on polar-toroidal and spherical deflectors or toroidal mirrors. The application of these schemes is advantageous for structural surface studies with the photoemission excited by a synchrotron radiation.