Super-Organizational Factors Effective in Official and Financial Corruption in Public Organizations

The numerous outcomes of official and financial corruption shows that corruption is a complex subject and fighting with it must be permanent, complex and for a long time. On the other hand, due to complexity of the subject of official and financial corruption and various individual, organizational and super-organizational factors effective in its occurrence and also due to many negative outcomes of official and financial corruption, most researchers try to study merely some factors effective in occurrence of official and financial corruption. Hence, according to importance of official and financial corruption in macro level of the country, examination of super-organizational factors is very important. The present article tries to provide a comprehensive recognition of these factors by collecting and examining the studies conducted about super-organizational factors effective in official and financial corruption and separate any subsets of these factors by classifying them into four cultural and social, legal, political and economic factors [2] and make it possible for the researchers to do applied studied in this field.