Beryllium neutron activation detector for pulsed DD fusion sources

A compact fast neutron detector based on beryllium activation has been developed to perform accurate neutron fluence measurements on pulsed DD fusion sources. It is especially well suited to moderate repetition-rate (<0.2 Hz) devices, such as the plasma focus or Z-pinch. The detector comprises a beryllium metal sheet sandwiched between two large-area xenon-filled proportional counters. A methodology for calculating the absolute response function of the detector using a “first principles” approach is described. This calibration methodology is based on the 9Be(n,α)6He cross-section, energy calibration of the proportional counters, and numerical simulations of neutron interactions and beta-particle paths using MCNP5. The response function R(En) is determined over the neutron energy range 2–4 MeV. The count rate capability of the detector has been studied and the corrections required for high neutron fluence measurements are discussed. For pulsed DD neutron fluencies >3×104 cm−2, the statistical uncertainty in the fluence measurement is better than 1%. A small plasma focus device has been employed as a pulsed neutron source to test two of these new detectors, and their responses are found to be practically identical. Also the level of interfering activation is found to be sufficiently low as to be negligible.