Neutrino studies in nuclei and intense neutrino sources

Nuclei are used as micro laboratories for studying fundamental properties of neutrinos and weak interactions. Nuclear responses for neutrinos are crucial for neutrino studies in nuclei. The responses, which are mainly nuclear spin isospin responses, are studied indirectly by charge exchange hadronic reactions for charged current responses, and photo nuclear reactions for neutral current responses. Intense neutrino sources provided by stopped pions from intense proton beams are very promising probes for studying directly nuclear weak responses. SNS/ORLaND and JHP combined with large neutrino detectors such as MOON are of potential interest for nuclear response studies with intense neutrino beams.