Multi-pass time-of-flight mass spectrometers of high resolving power

Using the flight path in an energy-isochronous time-of-flight mass spectrometer repeatedly, one can achieve very high mass resolving powers because of the overall long flight distance. Additionally to their longitudinal isochronicity, such systems can provide a high transversal phase-space acceptance so that they can make use of ion beams of large phase-space volumes. This can be achieved by building the system from matched unit cells similarly to the techniques used in the design of accelerator storage rings.