Strong–strong simulation study for the wire compensation of long-range beam–beam effect in LHC

The wire compensation of long-range beam–beam interactions in LHC was studied with numerical simulation of 10 6 macro-particles up to 10 5 turns. In the simulation, head-on beam–beam interactions at two high-luminosity interaction points of LHC were calculated self-consistently with the particle-in-cell (PIC) method and long-range beam–beam interactions calculated with the soft-Gaussian approximation. Including also the multipole field errors in the LHC lattice, the effectiveness of the compensation was evaluated in terms of the emittance growth. The robustness of the compensation to static and random errors in the electric currents on the wires was also investigated.