APD-based PET detector for simultaneous PET/MR imaging

Two, APD-based, PET modules have been evaluated for use in combined PET/MR imaging. Each module consists of 4 independent, optically isolated detectors. Each detector consists of an 8×8 array of 2×2×20 mm LSO crystals read out by a 2×2 array of 5×5 mm Hamamatsu S8664-55 APDs. The average crystal energy resolution and time resolution (against a plastic scintillator on a PMT) of the detectors was 17% and 1.8 ns, respectively. The modules were positioned in the tunnel of a 1.5 T Siemens Symphony MR scanner. The presence of the PET modules decreased the MR signal-to-noise ratio by about 15% but no image interference was observed. The gradient and RF pulse sequences of the MR produced adverse effects on the PET event signals. These high-frequency pulses did not affect the true PET events but did increase the dead time of the PET system. Simultaneous, artifact-free, images were acquired with the PET and MR system using a small Derenzo phantom. These results show that APD-based PET detectors can be used for a high-resolution and cost-effective integrated PET/MR system.