The Constructive Factors in Empowerment of Primary School Principals at Tehran City

This investigation was conducted by aiming at identifying the constructive factors in empowerment of primary school principals at Tehran city. The current study is of applied type in terms of goals and quantitative form in terms of data and it is exploratory research in terms of nature and type of study since some questions have been purposed in this survey that researcher does not know their orientation. For this purpose, according to multi- stage randomized sampling technique, a sample with size of 320 respondents (110 males and 210 females) was chosen among educational deputies in primary schools at Tehran city by means of Bola sample size formula (1970) proportional to population density, educational deputies in each of educational area within 10 regions of educational system in Tehran city answered to questionnaire of psychological empowerment derived from theory of Speritzer in 1995. This inventory includes 29 questions that have been drawn up with respect to empowerment of principals based on Speritzer’s theory based on 6 variables of significance, competence, independence, effectiveness, sense of participation with others under their supervision. The reliability of questionnaire was derived by Cronbach alpha coefficient as 0.956. In order to examine construct validity, analysis of main components with Oblimin (Promax convolution) was adapted. The results led to extraction of 5 factors and these factors might interpret totally 74% of variance for variables. Five factors consist of sense of independence, significance sense, and sense of competence, sense of participation with other (sense of community) and sense of confidence. Finally, percentile norm was prepared for each of factors and the whole questionnaire. Research results indicate that constructive factors for empowerment of principals comprise of 5 (sense of independence, sense of significance, sense of competency, sense of participation with others, and sense of confidence) out of 6 factors. According to priority of the aforesaid factors, the answer for these values based on exploratory analysis on data shows that more than 74% of empowerment is interpreted based on five extracted factors from this inventory while factor of sense of independence with coefficient of 51.6% and factor of sense of confidence with 3.2% have respectively highest and lowest importance. Additionally, order preference of importance among factors indicates that variables of sense of significance and sense of competence with values of 8.7% and 6.4% are ranked as the second and third rates respectively based on importance.