Quantitative TEM-based phase retrieval of MgO nano-cubes using the transport of intensity equation

Through focus series of images are collected from MgO nano-cube crystals in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The experimental data is used to solve the transport of intensity equation (TIE) to retrieve phase maps, which portray the morphology of the cubes and are quantified by the mean inner potential V0. Particular attention is given to the practical difficulties associated with TIE phase retrieval of non-conducting polyhedron particles.