Porcine-specific CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide activates B-cells and increases the expression of MHC-II molecules on lymphocytes

Two CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide motifs, a mouse-specific one (CpGmouse) 5′-GCTAGACGTTAGCGT-3′ and a porcine-specific one (CpGpig), 5′-TGCATCGATGCAG-3′ were synthesized by two different companies and tested in vitro for their capacity to stimulate porcine peripheral blood monomorphonuclear cells (PBMC). The porcine-specific motif, consisting of a nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate guanosines at the 5′ and at the 3′-end (CpGpig-S), enhanced significantly the proliferation of porcine PBMC in comparison with CpGmouse. The latter motif did not induce any proliferation. Methylation of CpGpig diminished the proliferation. Four days of culture with CpGpig-S increased the percentage of B-cells as well as B-cell blasting. Moreover, CpGpig-S also enhanced the expression of class II MHC in most cultures while there were no changes in percentage of macrophages or in the degree of expression of the macrophage marker (monoclonal 74-22-15). In conclusion, in this study, it was confirmed that 5′-ggTGCATCGATGCAGggggg-3′ is a swine-specific CpG-ODN, that activates porcine B-cells and deserves further evaluation in vivo as a potential immunostimulating adjuvant.