Density-dependent matrix yield equation for optimal harvest of age-structured wildlife populations

A density-dependent matrix model was applied to develop a harvest model for wildlife populations. The model links life tables, Leslie matrix models, the logistic equation, and surplus production models applied in fisheries; it is well suited for populations such as white-tailed deer. The model was applied to determine the optimum yield of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis Miller) population on the George Reserve in southeastern Michigan. The optimum yield and the age structure of the optimum yield were determined by fecundity, survival, and the carrying capacity. The optimum yield obtained with the density-dependent matrix model is nearly identical to that obtained through extensive biological analyses, and it did not require habitat analyses or determination of factors limiting population growth.