Alternating phenylenevinylene and thienylenevinylene copolymers with cyano groups: Synthesis, photophysics and photovoltaics

Two alternating conjugated copolymers TTP and TTT were synthesized by Heck coupling of 2,3-bis-(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)acrylonitrile with 1,4-dihexyloxy-2,5-divinylbenzene and 3-hexyl-2,5-divinylthiophene, respectively. The absorption spectra of the copolymers in THF solution showed three maxima around 270, 370 and 460 nm with optical band gaps of 2.30–2.34 eV. The electrochemically estimated band gaps of copolymers were 2.04–2.10 eV. The thin film absorption spectra were broad and extended about from 250 to 600 nm with a long wavelength maximum near 470 nm. The copolymers emitted yellow-orange light with maximum at 528–551 nm in THF solution and 567–610 nm in thin film. TTP showed the most red shifted emission maximum between the copolymers. The performance of the photovoltaic cells which were fabricated using blends of the copolymers with 6,6-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1 and 1:4, w/w) as well as pure copolymers was investigated.