Carboxymethylcellulose: A conductivity enhancer and film-forming agent for processable polypyrrole from aqueous medium

The use of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in polypyrrole (PPy) synthesis and in the production of PPy freestanding films was investigated. PPy was synthesised by chemical oxidative polymerisation in aqueous solutions using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant and CMC as conductivity enhancer (CMCd). CMCs with different molar weight, namely 90,000 and 250,000 g/mol, were tested. The influence of polymerisation temperature, time, and CMC concentration, on the conductivity of PPy was evaluated thus showing that higher conductivities were obtained at low temperature, short polymerisation time and in the presence of low molar weight CMC. A long time polymerisation study was carried out at 3 °C and 24 °C revealing the presence of a double regime polymerisation process, with second regime rates depending on the polymerisation temperature. s also used to improve the limited film forming ability of PPy by dispersing preformed PPy particles in CMC aqueous solutions. When decreasing the weight fraction of film forming CMC, semiconducting, flexible and freestanding films with thickness of 50–100 μm were obtained and their conductivity increased proportionally to the CMC weight fraction.