Semiconducting polymers as materials for photonic devices

High performance photonic devices fabricated from conjugated polymers have been demonstrated, including diodes, light-emitting diodes, photodiodes, field-effect transistors, polymer grid triodes, light-emitting electrochemical cells, optocouplers and lasers, that is essentially all the categories that characterize the field of photonic devices. Semiconducting polymer-based devices have reached performance levels comparable to their inorganic counterparts.