Bainitic and martensitic creep-resistant steels

Great advancement has been achieved in the analysis of specific microstructure instability causing a loss of creep strength at 550 °C and above, the prediction of onset time of the creep strength loss and theoretical modeling of precipitation sequences in power plant steels. A number of new alloy-design concepts based on microstructure stabilization have been proposed for the development of highly creep-resistant bainitic 3Cr and martensitic 9–12Cr steels with higher creep rupture strength than existing high strength steels such as T23 and P92.