One-pot synthesis of polyaniline/Fe3O4 nanocomposites with magnetic and conductive behaviour. Catalytic effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Polyaniline/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were prepared by a one-pot synthesis using N-(4-aminophenyl)aniline as the reagent, molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agents in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in powder and ferrofluid form. Both magnetic NPs in powder and ferrofluid form showed similar catalytic behaviour. The catalytic effect is particularly evident when molecular oxygen was used as the oxidizing agent. However, concerning the morphological aspects, only the composites prepared in the presence of ferrofluid-type Fe3O4 NPs showed a preferential morphology of nanorods (between 30 and 110 nm in diameter). All the composites are superparamagnetic at room temperature but at low temperature they are in a blocked state. Inter-particle interactions significantly affect the magnetic properties of the composites. The electrical conductivity of the composites is about 10−2 S cm−1, in agreement with the values obtained for polyaniline prepared by chemical route. A mechanism of the nanorods formation is proposed.