Fabrication and characterization of fullerene-based solar cells containing phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine dimers

Fullerene-based solar cells with normal and inverted structures containing phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine dimers were fabricated by vacuum evaporation. Power conversion efficiencies were measured under simulated sunlight conditions. Fabricated devices exhibited high stability in air and a wide optical absorption from 320 to 800 nm. A carrier transport mechanism is proposed based on the energy level diagram.