Growth aspects of bismuth titanate single crystals top seeded solution growth technique

Growth aspects of Bi12TiO20 crystals from a Bi2O3 rich melt using low axial gradient furnace systems have been discussed. Hopper structure was observed on the melt solution surface after a soaking period which was used for right seeding temperature determination and homogenization of the melt solution. Growth rates of less than 1mm/hr. and 30 rpm result in better quality single crystals while pulling from a solution containing 10 mole % of TiO2. The mixture HNO3 + H2O + AcOH is the best etchant for Titanosellinite crystal.