Size-dependent self-assembly of submicron/nano beads–protein conjugates for construction of a protein nanoarray

A protein nanoarray is created when submicro and nano beads, varying in their size and each conjugated with different proteins, self-assemble to specific locations depending on the diameter matching the surface electron beam patterns created. Protein binding is confirmed from the fluorescence attenuation of the beads upon antigen–antibody binding on the bead surface. This method, called size-dependent self-assembly, allows control of the location of each type of bead, and thus, control of the location of multiple proteins. It provides fast multi-component patterning with a high binding resolution, which can be detected using a fluorescent light microscope. This method is developed to be a simple stand-alone tool for analysis of protein interactions. In addition, it has the potential to be used in conjunction with other protein analysis methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).