Roughened titanium surfaces with silane and further RGD peptide modification in vitro

The strategy to achieve osteoregeneration of dental implants during early-stage regeneration is strongly related to surface conditions for achieving highly successful effects after implantation. Surface modifications, namely, mechanical ground, silanization, bonded and sandblasted with pentasequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide, and acid-etched with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, were compared for their ability to support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation on titanium surfaces. The characteristics and comparative in vitro bio-interactions toward osteoprogenitor cells were tested in the four groups with various surface modifications. Compared with the other groups, the sandblasted and acid-etched, and silane with subsequent RGD peptide modified surfaces had the smallest wetting angle, absence of a significant cell viability difference, and largest quantity of alkaline phosphatase production during the expressions of early-stage cell differentiation. The method of synthesizing GRGDS peptides on roughened titanium surfaces has the potential to provide a combination of early bone regeneration and implant of long-term anchored capabilities.