Dynamic viscoelastic properties of collagen gels with high mechanical strength

We developed a new method for the preparation of mechanically strong collagen gels by combining successively basic gel formation, followed by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) cross-linking and lyophilization. Gels cross-linked three times with this method showed stronger mechanical properties (G′: 3730 ± 2060 Pa, G″: 288 ± 35 Pa) than a conventional gel that was sequentially cross-linked with EDC once (G′: 226 ± 70 Pa, G″: 21 ± 4.4 Pa), but not as strong as the same gel with heating for 30 min at 80 °C (G′: 7010 ± 830 Pa, G″: 288 ± 35 Pa) reported in our previous paper. The conventional collagen gel was cross-linked with EDC once, heated once, and then subjected twice to a lyophilization–gel formation–cross-linking cycle to give three-cycled gel 2. This gel had the strongest mechanical properties (G′: 40,200 ± 18,000 Pa, G″: 3090 ± 1400 Pa, Youngʹs modulus: 0.197 ± 0.069 MPa) of the gels tested. These promising results suggest possible applications of the gels as scaffolds in tissue engineering research.