Structural and Raman properties of silver-doped ZnO nanorod arrays using electrically induced crystallization process

The vertically-aligned ZnO:Ag nanorods doped by the electrically induced crystallization (EIC) process at a low temperature, 200 °C, were investigated. The XRD analysis revealed that the EIC process significantly improved the crystallinity and quality of the resulting ZnO nanorods/ZnO thin film. Spectroscopy coupled with XPS confirmed that Ag elements were doped into the ZnO nanorods. The Raman spectrum indicated the strong blue shift of the A1(TO) and A1(LO), and there emerged a new Raman mode at 482 cm−1, termed the “TH mode” which is believed to have been created by silver nanoballs appearing on the surface of the silver films. This study demonstrated that EIC is a viable approach to dope the metal elements into nanostructures, and can thus help to produce optical devices with a 1D ZnO p-type structure.