Identification of carp proopiomelanocortin-related peptides and their effects on phagocytes

We report the immunomodulating effects of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides on phagocytic cells in carp. The complete amino acid sequences of two carp POMCs (I and II) were deduced from the nucleotide sequences after cDNA cloning. Both POMCs consist of 194 amino acids (91% sequence identity) including identical α-melanotropin (MSH) and β-endorphin (EP). All hormonal peptides derived from two POMCs were identified by mass spectrometry after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography of an acid-acetone extract from a single pituitary. These peptides were α-MSH,N -Des-Ac-α-MSH, di-Ac-α-MSH, β-MSH I, β-MSH-II, N -Ac-β-EP(1–29), corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide I and II and N -terminal peptide of POMC I and II. The immunomodulating effects of synthetic MSHs and EPs on phagocytic cells from carp head kidney were examined. Di-Ac-α-MSH, β-MSH I,N -Ac-β-EP(1–29) and β-EP(1–29) increased the production of superoxide anion at 0·1–100 ng ml−1for these MSHs and 1–100 ng ml−1for EPs in RPMI 1640 medium.