Yeast associated with spontaneous fermentations of white wines from the “Txakoli de Bizkaia” region (Basque Country, North Spain)

The microbiota of eight spontaneous fermentation of white wine from different grape varieties and different wineries from the “Txakoli de Bizkaia” region (Basque country, North Spain), in 1996 and 1997 campaigns was studied. The yeast population was higher in grapes harvested in 1997, in which late summer and early autumn was warmer and drier. Eight species belonging to five genera were identified in total. The most frequent genera in grapes were Rhodotorula in 1996 and Kloeckera in 1997. Saccharomyces bayanus was the most frequent species during vigorous and final fermentation, and it was occasionally isolated from grapes and must. Only another Saccharomyces spp., i.e., S. kluyvery, was identified in some samples from 1997.