Assessment of the embryotoxic potential of the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin B1 using cultured organogenesis-staged rat embryos

Arninopentol (AP1) is the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin B1 (FBI), the major and best characterized of the fumonisins, which are mycotoxins that are common contaminants of corn and corn meal. Some human populations expected to have significant exposure to AP1 have a high incidence of babies born with neural tube defects (NTD). The embryotoxicity of AP1 was evaluated in cultured rat embryos. Gestation day 9.5 embryos were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 μM AP1 throughout the entire 45-hr culture period. At 100 μM AP1, growth and overall development were reduced significantly. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of abnormal embryos. 29% of the embryos had NTD, and 36% of the embryos had other abnormalities. At 300 μM API, the incidence of NTD was 15%, and 85% of the embryos had other abnormalities. These findings suggest that AP1, at concentrations of 100μM and above, can induce NTD in organogenesis-stage cultured rat embryos. However, these NTD are in conjunction with significant overall retardation of growth and development as well as significant increases in the incidence of other defects. These studies also showed, when compared with previous findings, that API is over 100-fold less toxic than FB1 to cultured rat embryos.