Development and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid identification of aflatoxigenic molds and their detection in food samples

Aflatoxins are the most thoroughly studied mycotoxins. They are produced by several members of the genus Aspergillus in section Flavi with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius being frequently isolated from contaminated food sources. In this work, we describe the development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for rapid detection of the three species in separate analyses. The acl1-gene of A. flavus and amy1-genes of A. nomius and A. parasiticus were used as target genes. The detection limits were 2.4, 7.6 and 20 pg of pure DNA/reaction for A. flavus, A. nomius and A. parasiticus, respectively. For specificity testing, DNA extracted from mycelia of representative strains of 39 Aspergillus species, 23 Penicillium species, 75 Fusarium species and 37 other fungal species was used as a template for the specific LAMP primer sets developed for the three target species. The LAMP assay was combined with a DNA extraction method for the analysis of pure fungal cultures as well as artificially contaminated Brazil nuts, peanuts and green coffee beans. It is suggested that the developed LAMP assay is a promising tool in the prediction of a potential aflatoxin risk in food and food raw materials and may therefore be suitable for high throughput analysis in the food industry.