Green tea extract can potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Green tea extract (GTE) has been advocated as a hepatoprotective compound and a possible therapeutic agent for acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. This study was conducted to determine if GTE can provide protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Three different exposure scenarios were tested. The first involved administering APAP (150 mg/kg, orally) to mice followed 6 h later by GTE (500 or 1000 mg/kg). The other two involved administering GTE prior to the APAP dose. GTE (500 or 1000 mg/kg, orally) was administered 3 h prior to APAP (200 mg/kg, orally) or for three consecutive days (once-daily) followed by APAP (300 mg/kg) on the fourth day. Indices of hepatotoxicity were assessed 24 h after the APAP dose. GTE potentiated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity when administered after the APAP dose. GTE caused significant glutathione depletion and this effect likely contributed to the observed potentiation. In contrast, GTE provided protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity when administered prior to the APAP dose. GTE dramatically decreased APAP covalent binding to protein indicating that less reactive metabolite was available to cause hepatocellular injury. These results highlight the potential for drug-dietary supplement interactions and the importance of testing multiple exposure scenarios to adequately model different types of potential interactions.