Production of activated carbon from sludge of food processing industry under controlled pyrolysis and its application for methylene blue removal

The present work aims to conduct a process optimization for the production of activated carbon from sludge of food processing industry. The significant feature of this sludge based activated carbon that makes it unique and economic is that it can be produced from waste material. The carbonaceous nature of this sludge does not allow its direct disposal to land because of excess organic and nutrient load contents, however, can be converted to a value added product. This process not only eliminates the need for further treatment of sludge but also reduce the cost of its handling, land filling, and transportation as well as the utilization in the same industry in the purification system. present work, activated carbon produced from pyrolysis of sludge was chemically activated by various activating agents. Optimization of impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature, and activation time was studied. The product was characterized through its iodine value and yield percentage. It was observed that the product had maximum iodine value of 624 mg g−1 with ZnCl2 as an activating agent. The FT-IR analysis depicts the presence of a variety of functional groups attached on the surface of activated carbon which are used in the interaction with the adsorbate during the process of adsorption. The XRD analysis reveals that the produced activated carbon has low content of inorganic constituents compared with the precursor. The product formed was applied for methylene blue adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium of methylene blue dye was examined at room temperature. Adsorption isotherm was drawn by applying Langmuir and Freundlich models fitting the data indict, with an adsorption capacity of 23.6 mg g−1 and 14.2 mg g−1, respectively. The data show that methylene blue adsorption is best suited to Langmuir equation.