Tensile strength and microstructural characterization of HPZ ceramic fibers

Tensile strengths of as-received HPZ fiber and those surface coated with BN, BN/SiC, and BN/Si3N4 have been determined at room temperature using a two-parameter Weibull distribution. Nominally ~ 0.4 μm BN and 0.2 μm SiC or Si3N4 coatings were deposited on the fibers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a continuous reactor. The average tensile strength of uncoated HPZ fiber was 2.0 ± 0.56 GPa (290 ± 81 ksi) with a Weibull modulus of 4.1. For the BN coated fibers, the average strength and the Weibull modulus increased to 2.39 ± 0.44 GPa (346 ± 64 ksi) and 6.5, respectively. The HPZ/BN/SiC fibers showed an average strength of 2.0 ± 0.32 GPa (290 ± 47 ksi) and Weibull modulus of 7.3. Average strength of the fibers having a dual BN/Si3N4 surface coating degraded to 1.15 ± 0.26 GPa (166 ± 38 ksi) with a Weibull modulus of 5.3. The chemical composition and thickness of the fiber coatings were determined using scanning Auger analysis. Microstructural analysis of the fibers and the coatings was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A microporous silica-rich layer ~ 200 nm thick is present on the as-received HPZ fiber surface. The BN coatings on the fibers are amorphous to partly turbostratic and contaminated with carbon and oxygen. The silicon carbide coating was crystalline whereas the silicon nitride coating was amorphous. The silicon carbide and silicon nitride coatings are non-stoichiometric, non-uniform, and granular. Within a fiber tow, the fibers on the outside had thicker and more granular coatings than those on the inside.