TiCl3-doped Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 positive temperature coefficient resistance ceramics with low room temperature resistivity

The influence of TiCl3 solution on the room temperature resistivity and the electrical properties of Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 positive temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR) ceramics were studied. The results indicate that the PTC effect can be improved significantly when an appropriate amount of TiCl3 in solution is added to the raw materials. The carrier concentration (Nd), the surface charge density (Ns), and the barrier height at grain boundaries (φ) were calculated by AC complex impedance analysis. The segregation of Ti3+ at the grain boundaries is believed to have enhanced the PTC effect.