Low frequency dispersion of ferroelectric hysteresis in 1–3 Pb0.95La0.05TiO3/polymer ferroelectric composites

The ferroelectric hysteresis area as a function of frequency and amplitude of the external electric field, i.e. hysteresis dispersion, is measured for 1–3 Pb0.95La0.05TiO3/polymer composites by utilizing the Sawyer–Tower circuit. The frequency varies from 10−2 to 104 Hz and the amplitude range is 3–44 kV cm−1. Given a field amplitude E0, the hysteresis area 〈A〉 first grows and then decays with increasing frequency f. Over the low and high (lower than 10 MHz for device performance) frequency ranges, the area 〈A〉 can be separately scaled as 〈A〉∝f1/3E02/3 and 〈A〉∝f−1E02. In addition, the remnant polarization Pr and coercive field Ec as functions of f are investigated, respectively, revealing a single-peaked pattern for both Pr and Ec.