Effects of heat treatment on structural evolution and morphology of BaTi5O11 powder synthesized by the sol–gel method

BaTi5O11 powder was successfully prepared and characterized by the sol–gel method. The mechanisms of BaTi5O11 formation were studied by the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The IR absorption peaks confirm the existence of a substitution reaction with the chelating reagent corresponding to different modes of vibration characteristic of the acetate group. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the formation of single-phase monoclinic BaTi5O11 began at 700 °C and were stable up to 1100 °C in air. The particle sizes observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are about 100 nm for a calcination temperature at 700 °C and 600 nm at 1100 °C.