Chiral nuclear thermodynamics

We calculate the equation of state of nuclear matter for arbitrary isospin-asymmetry up to three loop order in the free energy density in the framework of in-medium chiral perturbation theory. In our approach 1 π - and 2 π -exchange dynamics with the inclusion of the Δ -isobar excitation as an explicit degree of freedom, corresponding to the long- and intermediate-range correlations, are treated explicitly. Few contact terms fixed to reproduce selected known properties of nuclear matter encode the short-distance physics. Two-body as well as three-body forces are systematically included. We find a critical temperature of about 15 MeV for symmetric nuclear matter. We investigate the dependence of the liquid–gas first-order phase transition on isospin-asymmetry. In the same chiral framework we calculate the chiral condensate of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter at finite temperatures. The contribution of the Δ -isobar excitation is essential for stabilizing the condensate. As a result, we find no indication of a chiral phase transition for densities ρ ≲ 2 ρ 0 and at temperatures T ≲ 100  MeV.